Sejarah DNA Sekuensing

Pendahuluan

DNA (asam deoksiribonukleat) adalah molekul genetik yang menyimpan informasi biologis dari makhluk hidup. Mengetahui secara tepat urutan basa DNA (A, T, G, C) sangat penting dalam genetika, biologi molekuler, evolusi, diagnosis penyakit, penelitian genomik, dan aplikasi bioteknologi lainnya. Namun, proses penentuan urutan DNA (sekuensing) tidaklah mudah: metode‐metode awal sangat lambat, labor intensif, dan mahal. Seiring waktu, teknologi berkembang dari metode generasi pertama (low throughput) ke generasi kedua (high throughput, pendek) dan generasi ketiga (single molecule, long reads). Artikel ini menelusuri perjalanan teknologi tersebut.

Awal Mula: Menjelajah DNA sebelum “sekuensing modern”

Sebelum teknologi sekuensing modern muncul, para peneliti mempelajari sifat kimia DNA, memisahkan untai, dan memetakan fragmen berdasarkan teknik kimia dan fisika. Namun penentuan urutan basa secara langsung belum mungkin.

What Is Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Why It Matters in Modern Science

 Introduction

In the past, sequencing a single human genome could take years and cost millions of dollars. Today, thanks to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), scientists can decode entire genomes within hours at a fraction of the cost. This powerful technology has transformed biology, medicine, agriculture, and even environmental research.

What Is NGS?

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) refers to advanced DNA sequencing technologies that allow millions of DNA fragments to be read simultaneously. Unlike traditional Sanger sequencing, which processes one fragment at a time, NGS performs massively parallel sequencing, producing huge amounts of data quickly and accurately.

How Does NGS Work?